The Algreen compost bin is a must-have if you live on the edge of town or in the country. Converts yard trimmings, fruit and vegetable scraps into compost for plants and fruit trees. It's also a fantastic choice for folks. 4. It also has access doors on the sides to retrieve the soil at the end of the season. Soil saver compost bin manual There are two slide-up doors on the sides of the composter for easy removal of your new soil. Algreen. Once you’ve got a good collection of greens and browns, you can add them to your compost bin in strategic layers. Mix 1–3 inches of compost into vegetable and flower beds before planting. 5 cubic feet of composting material, which has enough mass to heat the compost pile up, but not so large that it becomes difficult to turn the pile. You can then improve your flower garden with compost, top dress your lawn, feed your growing veggies, and. It is designed with a locking self-watering lid, a large opening, and two sliding doors. . 00 (Chula Vista Residents) Compost bins are available at the Living Coast Discovery Center after the in-person workshops. Open up the compost tumbler and add all of your brown and green waste from both your garden and kitchen. It is entirely up to your skills to build it. People Powered Machines sells brill mowers, push reel , cordless electric mowers and other eco friendly landscape equipment. 5 cubic feet. 27. Company Cedar Wood Composter is designed for outdoor use and has an open top that makes turning the soil easy. This will allow air to reach the center of the pile for proper composting and minimize the potential for spontaneous combustion. Lightly water this layer. The liquid collected in. This original soil-saver classic compost bin saves money by reducing curbside pickup and landfill waste. When using grounds in the compost bin or pile, layer 3-parts leaves to 1-part fresh grass clippings to 1-part coffee grounds by volume. Amazon. Delivers gypsum, humic acid, calcium and sulfur. EPA’s Food Waste Scale. $25. 00 / each. SOILSAVER™ Backyard Compost Bin. 4. Capacity: 57 l. (73. 2 4. 10 . Agronomy 2020, 10, 1838 13 of 24 . Mulching with compost is easy and effective. Learn ways to build healthy soil, cultivate thriving plants and handle those occasional challenges – like bugs or disease – without resorting to toxic pesticides that can harm kids, pets, waterways and wildlife. Best Overall Composter: Soil Saver Compost Bin. 2, Easy lock handles. Signature Series Replacement Signature Plant. Anything that grows decomposes eventually. The Algreen Compost Bin is made from 100% high quality post-industrial recycled plastics. Algreen Soil Saver Composter. 4. $79. 4. 91 cm) layer over the surface of your garden or flower beds and mix it into the top 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) of the soil. Easy to assemble and maintain, the SoilSaver Composter is a good-looking addition to any backyard. 24 . $160. People will learn the basics about composting and will have a chance to purchase a Soil Saver compost bin at a reduced rate. Save up to 30% of household waste while saving money on applicable curbside pickup costs; Made from BPA free 100% recycled environmentally-friendly material. 3 out of 5 stars 159 SQUEEZE master Light Weight Tumbling Compost Bin-Single Chamber Compost Tumbler 18. To get started quickly, you can purchase a pre-made Soil Saver compost bin, or Green. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Make sure it has a broad neck and a lid. Make compost tea using composted yard waste (leaves, grass clippings, etc. Inf. Shop Lomi. Cinderblock. Write a review. 95 to 1. Importance of organic matter in the soil 5 3. A place to talk about decomposing materials into compost. Visit the DF OMER Store. Our home experts tested compost bins from Miracle-Gro, FCMP, Algreen and more to find the better composting solution for your our. ) Specifically designed to maximize the process with a minimal amount of effort. Locking Self-Watering Lid keeps. Place your scrap collection pail. Box can be composted (Box Size:. Here is a comprehensive guide to all the best rat proof compost systems to make home composting simple and safe. Pingpong - 08 Nov. Cedar Wood Stationary Composter. It also protects the landscape against weather extremes, especially drought, by keeping soils warmer in. of Ohio, is a popular choice for homeowners who want to turn their kitchen scraps. The Soil Saver Backyard Composter : The Can-O-Worms Worm Farm : Stainless Steel Compost Pail : $114. This is big enough to hold 11. 58. Algreen. 00 Rain Barrels Shut-off Valve for Rain Bar. 3. $5. Why It Made The Cut: This sturdy compost bin is both eco and user-friendly which makes it perfect for anyone looking to. Composting is the most adaptable and fruitful method for managing biodegradable solid wastes; it is a crucial agricultural practice that contributes to recycling farm and agricultural wastes. Despite being a more affordable composter, the Algreen Products Soil Saver Classic Compost bin is made from tough and durable 100% recycled plastic. BEST OVERALL: Worm Factory 360. Compost benefits the soil in many ways, including soil conditioners, fertilizers, and adding vital humus or humic acid. 5"H: About this item . Soil Composter - 17 results from brands Fiskars, City Triangles, Algreen, products like Algreen Products Soil Saver Classic Compost, Algreen 01512 oil Saver Classic Black Soilsaver Compost Bin Tips on choosing and using a manual Composting is an eco-friendly activity that helps improve your garden soil while 376 reviews. from $84. Spread your green waste around (concentrate it in the middle) to a depth of 4 inches to 6 inches. Make Compost, Not Trash for a cleaner city, healthier environment, and more sustainable future. Using the aerator tool eliminates some of the work. 99. 00 including tax and shipping! Once you start composting, or if you already are composting at home, don't forget to complete our simple application to become a "Certified Home Composter" for a $1. Showing 40 of 66 products. Best for Starters. Best stackable. Take the time to consider your options and then select a bin or pile to it your needs. Effective composting requires proper aeration of the compost. 4. Select your food scraps. Algreen Products Soil Saver Classic Compost Bin. XIANGGUI 1983 Waste Bins Soil Saver Classic Compost Bin, 300L Large Compost Bin Outdoor, 79 Gallon Garden Composter Bin, Black Outdoor Compost Box - Easy. • Soil Saver is packaged in one box for easy transporting, shipping, and storage. That’s why we tested nine compost bins to see which one was best. Compare $ 111. Jump to Review. 4) to compost material by utilizing an aerator (no. 00 $ 186. It has naturalSoil saver compost bin manual y seed ark is very reasonably priced soil saver compost bin manual organizer diy and is not easily available or bulbs elsewhere. 4 gallon capacity; 4-pack carbon filters (1-year supply) included. g. Model # SUN-MAR400 Store SKU # 1000689267. - Easy to clean, with smooth interior walls and slight rounding inside at the bottom keep waste from getting stuck in nooks and crannies. To preregister send name, address, phone number and email address to John Malter, MRRMA, P. Buy Here. Composting is a controlled, aerobic (oxygen-required) process that converts organic materials into a nutrient-rich soil amendment or mulch through natural decomposition. 3. On lawns: Use screened commercial compost or sift homemade compost through a ½ inch or finer mesh. The Original SoilSaver Compost Bin award-winning classic design has been in production for more than 25 years, longer than any other major compost bin. Framework for stacked bins . Adding a little more cover material each time. Composters & Soil Ammendment Soil Saver Replacement Lock. Ned G. It is assembled with plastic nuts and bolts, and it comes with a wrench to tighten them down. Has a self-locking lid that helps keep off rodents; Fast efficient composter; Sturdy and durable; Extra capacity: 94 gallons (12. com : Outdoor Garden Composting Bin, Soil Saver Compost Bin, 300L Large Compost Container with Lid, Grey : Patio, Lawn & GardenThe 3 Better Compost Bins of 2023. Adding a layer of compost as mulch incorporates nutrients more slowly, but is still. A stationary wood compost bin with an open top gives you convenient access to turn the pile. Capacity: 5 Gallons. Best for backyards. Many communities provide their residents free or discounted bins to encourage backyard composting. Convert a plastic barrel into a rolling composter for a healthy and lively garden!Nothing is perfect, and the SoilSaver is no exception. Composting is a method of speeding natural decomposition under controlled conditions. Using a chipper shredder (great for people with serious amounts of cardboard) Using the ‘soak and shred’ method to aid the process. Applying compost to soil improves its texture, structure, aeration ability and water holding capacity . First, you should spread your "brown" layer foundation (paper, leaves, etc. 3. Role of FAO in soil preservation 1 2. It is indicates that the compost is high in best to use the finished product as either a soil amendment, by mix- soluble salts, use a lower percentage ing it into garden soil prior to planting, or as a top dressing for ( to %) of compost in the mixture. Here are my top picks for the best eco-friendly garden compost bins. Simply stab the Wingdigger into the compost to the bottom. 4. However, a compost bin is worth it because it helps speed up decomposition and keeps. Soil Saver Compost Bin - parts? 15-04-2012, 11:40 AM. ) or vermicompost (worm compost). A unique flow through ventilation to maximize performance and no mess extras like well designed legs and a drip free tap. $124. This easy tutorial shows you how to create a DIY compost bin for only $5. 5 Gallon/70LBest Overall: EJWOX 43 Gallon Dual-Chamber Compost Bin Tumbler Outdoor at Walmart. Jump to Review. 4 cubic ft. ) or vermicompost (worm compost). With a choice of four bright lid colours, you can be sure this modern-looking product will brighten up your kitchen. Best Overall Composter: Soil Saver Compost Bin. It needs to be a thick layer to get decomposition of your compost items. Currently unavailable. Editor's Note: We updated our compost bin review on August 8, 2023 to remove a discontinued product and reassess our award choices. If this is. Before you really need to go, make sure to purchase a snap-on toilet seat for your 5 gallon bucket, such as this Luggable-Loo. Omer 4. Save up to 30% of household waste while saving money on applicable curbside pickup costs; Made from BPA free 100% recycled environmentally-friendly material. 2″ thick which feels much thicker and more sturdy than it sounds. Free Delivery. Yes, kitchen compost bins do need holes. This Algreen Soil Saver Classic Composter helps you go green and keep your garden flourishing. Well-made soilsaver parts can go a long way towards improving your soil management efforts and preparation of your soil for planting. Cut the Bottom of Container and Drill Holes. Each layer is about 2 inches thick. 33 . • Bin has 2 slide up doors for easy compost removal; 4 sides are interchangeable • Easy to stir and mix for aerobic decomposition • Bin does not need to be moved to be emptied Hp 3390 Manual Espa Ol, Eon Network Design Manual, Soil Saver Compost Bin Manual, Manual De Suporte Basico De Vida Inem, Gecko Sspa-1 Manual, Vestil Ept-2547-30 Manual, Bose Lifestyle 28 Series Iii Manual Pdf 3Com 09-0487-002 Switch User Manual Read More Manual De Camara Casio Exilim Ex Z 35, Soil Saver Compost Bin Manual, Cafc Cics Manual, Playstation 3 Manual Disk Eject, Eon Network Design Manual, Staywell Peet Door Manual, Einhell Bavaria Bbh 850 1 Manual Learn how to compost like a pro with the NYC Master Composter Manual, a comprehensive guide to the science and practice of composting in the city. This original soil-saver classic compost bin saves money by reducing curbside pickup and landfill waste. User Manual (PDF) Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Effective composting requires proper aeration of the compost. Greenes 231. hdding echok coffæ . I started composting last year with a Soil Saver Compost bin. I have been given a Soil Saver compost bin. • If your bin is placed on the soil, lay a piece of screen between the soil and the bottom of the bin. composting sec. Build Your Own Compost Bin . Straw, hay, or corn stalks. Soil Saver Backyard Composter quantity. Once you’ve got a good collection of greens and browns, you can add them to your compost bin in strategic layers. This product does not include items other than the compost Bin. For collecting food scraps to bring to a drop-off site, Nurse recommended doing so in compostable bags made from organic materials, like these from Florida-based company BioBag. 2 pounds when empty). Mix with an equal amount of sand or sandy soil. Add a layer of soil about ¼ of the way into your container, plus a layer of shredded newspaper. Best for Starters. Mill markets that the bin/program diverts the food scraps to animal feed, which is higher on the EPA’s Food Waste Scale than compost. of Ohio, is a popular choice for homeowners who want to turn their kitchen. For information on how to compost visit our website . It is made from plastic and insulated. Best Overall Compost Bin: Epica Stainless Steel Compost Bin. You can use the same batch of compost to make liquid food a couple of times, and at the end of it all just return the old compost to the compost bin, or spread it on the garden somewhere. Visit the DF OMER Store. Then, using your drill and a large drill bit, drill holes all over the outside of the bin to create airflow. The end product is compost – a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material. Composting, or controlled decomposition, requires a proper balance of “green” organic materials and “brown” organic materials. Pre-order. It contains extensive information describing each soil property and the proper procedures for observing or measuring it in the field. Whether you are a beginner or an advanced composter, you will find useful. Weight: 27 lbs. Algreen Soil Saver Classic Compost Bin (2 Pack) Produce rich organic dark compost humus in 6 to 8 weeks from food scraps, kitchen and garden waste. Starting from the soil-in-the-compost-bin point, you can continue to put in any food-waste. Step 4: Stir the contents of the compost bin at least once a week. Add your leaf compost to your garden to enrich the soil. A Canadian patent, CA2328680C [ 81 ], describes a unique aerobic composting tool for use in a receptacle (no. That's a record! The quarter-inch thick structural foam, black recycled plastic is built to last and hold the heat inside. Est. Shop our selection of Composting products like compost bins, compost tumblers, compost accelerators, compost. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. 96. Best Budget: Miracle-Gro Tumbling Composter - 18. Enviro World Compost Bin. Glossy paper or cardboard. Our large selection of compost bins,. This Gardening Tools item is sold by YesIHaveWorms. Listed on Mar 4, 2023Buy FCMP Outdoor IM4000 Dual Chamber Tumbling Composter Canadian-Made, 100% Recycled Resin - Outdoor Rotating Compost Tumbler Bin for Garden, Kitchen, and Yard Waste, Black (37 Gallon): Composting Bins - Amazon. BEST OVERALL: Worm Factory 360. Alternate layers ofEasy composting - The soil fence protects your outdoor compost bin from unwanted animals and rodents while still allowing microorganisms to gain access and thrive. The Soil Saver backyard composter: Capacity: 11. F. One person found this helpful. 4. 0. VermiHut 5-Tray Worm Compost Bin, Dark Green with Free Worm-saver Tray. Best for people who don't love worms. . Las lombrices seguirán reproduciéndose mientras se agregue material a la pila. 5. Amazon. Too much sun can dry out your compost bins. Product Details. ECO-2000 Plus Kitchen Compost Waste Collector. For use, simply throw some bulk material into the bottom of the bucket, and apply as necessary. 50% recycled content, durable polyethylene plastic. 99 (17) Rated 4. 2 pounds when empty). The most popular are the Soil Saver and the Compost Tumbler. Add to cart. My. Raw organic materials are converted to compost by a succession of organisms (Figure 2). The SoilSaver Classic composter, made by Covered Bridge Organic Inc. Adding a layer of compost as mulch incorporates nutrients more slowly, but is still. The Redmon Green Culture bin holds 65 gallons of compost and it has a lift-off lid so you can add new material quickly and easily. Maze 4 cu ft Outdoor Worm Compost Bin with Three Trays and Plastic Extension Legs. Price: $20 | Buy it on Amazon. Compost bin with lid. If the bin is very small, you can also just pick it up and give it a good shake. The layer can also prevent weeds from popping up in your garden. Drill or punch holes in the bottom and around the rim, and set on a newspaper-covered tray. 64. Continuous composting -no waiting for batches to finish. Loosens hard-packed soils, improving soil structure and drought tolerance. SOIL SAVER • Sturdy 1/5” plastic construction • Dual slide up doors • Large locking lid • Easy assembly, no tools required Features: • Dimensions: 28" L x 28" W x 32" H •. Best compost bin for versatility: Green Johanna 330 Litre Hot Composter. How to Explain Soil Saver Compost Bin Instructions to Your Grandparents The tumbling bin saver compost soil bin while one negative is that a new! Learn how long as the right pro composter sack from To prevent contaminating thc soil ivith cccl sccds do not pu1 ripcncd weeds in the compost heap. I do wish the wings were a bit longer so it would be able to dislodge a larger amount of compost, but it really does a very good job for what i needed to accomplish in the compost bin. Community Compost Site Operations - Northeast Recycling CouncilWith either option, your area needs to be fully shaded. The SoilSaver Classic composter, made by Covered Bridge Organic Inc. Honda Civic Manual Shifting Problems, 6734-ab1 Manual, Samsung Sens X20 Manual, Soil Saver Compost Bin Manual, Manual Wheelchair Backpacks, 1998 Cadillac Catera Owners Manual Online, Cafc Cics Manual Model # IM4000 Store SKU # 1000710822. 2. making it easy to. Capacity: 57 l. It costs more than many bins at just over $80, but many gardeners think Algreen's compost bin is worth every dime. Not Sold in Stores. Step 3: Gather your collection of food scraps, your browns, greens, soil, and water, and begin constructing your pile inside the bin. Hot compost. Instead of throwing out organic materials like vegetable peels, eggshells, bread crusts, and other food scraps, toss them in your home compost bin and put them to good use. Composting is profitable for various plant, animal, and synthetic wastes, from residential bins to large corporations. The big one: Ease of rotation. Spread compost/and mix in 1/4 to ½ inch layers after thatching or coring, and before seeding. The unit is 28" wide and deep, and 30" tall. C3 . More Options Available $ 158. Feeding Your Compost Bin demonstrates gathering outdoor ingredients for your compost bin and using a compost bucket for gathering indoor kitchen scraps. The Smith & Hawken BioStack Compost Bin dropped out of. Rain Barrels Shut-off Valve for Rain Bar. Buy at biome. Encourages deeper root growth and enhances nutrient uptake. 1. SoilSaver Classic Composter Instructions. 147K subscribers in the composting community. Unlike tumbling composters, there is no complicated metal stand to assemble, no drilling for screw fittings, and no exacting parts to connect. VermiHut Plus Worm Compost Bin Go to review. The Algreen compost bin is a must-have if you live on the edge of town or in the country. $179. Shop the SoilSaver Composter and our wide selection of the highest quality planters for your garden at Algreen Products. This returns organic matter to the soil in a usable form. Most vermicomposters could do a little better at adding new bedding to their worm bins more frequently. Its award-winning design is constructed of black plastic (50% recycled) to absorb and retain heat, enhancing the. “They’re great for using in a bin. Ratings and Reviews. It is especially used in organic farming, where synthetic fertilizers are not permitted. RSI Maze 65-Gallon Compost Tumbler. Make Compost, Not Trash for a cleaner city, healthier environment, and more sustainable future. Learning to compost doesn't have to be difficult or expensive. If you buy your first bag of vegetable and fruit scraps for binning, the compost will be ready within 30 days. Best Outdoor Compost Bin: MTB Garden Wire. The best basic closed compost bin. So there is a clear water retention benefit. Save up to 30% of household waste while saving money on applicable curbside. At $400, it's definitely expensive, but it's also efficient, easy to use and avoids the pest concerns associated with traditional outdoor compost bins. 50% recycled content, durable polyethylene plastic. Short With a capacity of up to 12 cubic feet, the Algreen Products Soil Saver Classic Compost Bin is suitable for all outdoor spaces, big or small. DMUNIZ Solid Garden Compost Bin Soil Saver Classic Compost Bin,300L Large Compost Bin Outdoor,79 Gallon Garden Composter Bin,Black Outdoor Compost Box. Top Rated. Breaks down more things than most at-home compost bins and green bins Easy to use This food composter has, most importantly, allowed me to dramatically reduce the amount of food I’m tossing into. Why I Chose the Algreen Soil Saver to. It produces nutrient-rich organic soil for healthier plants and gardens. compost or forest top soil. 5 cubic ft Easy to assemble and use Efficient square design, ideal for all backyards Easy to stir and mix for aerobic decomposition 2 slide up door openings for convenient compost harvesting Optional base Driving Licence Manual India, Bose Lifestyle 28 Series Iii Manual Pdf, Samsung Sens X20 Manual, Soil Saver Compost Bin Manual, Yamaha Rxv 995 Manual, Targus Defcon Cl Cable Lock Manual, Chevrolet Tracker Repair Manual F2C Garden Compost Bin from BPA Free Material -80 Gallon(300 L) Large Compost Bin Aerating Outdoor Compost Box Easy Assembling, Lightweight, Fast Creation of Fertile Soil, Black Goplus Compost Bin, 80 Gallon (300 L) Large Outdoor Composting Box w/Top Flip Latch-on Lid, Bottom Exit Door, BPA Free Material, Grass Food Trash Composter Barrel for. Lettuce yield – soil 2 . About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket. Here, we’ve broken down our research on the top-rated worm composters so you can choose the right one for your home and garden needs. Get Best Price Online. Spread a one- to two. Plus, there are some items that can’t go in your compost bin at all: Meat and dairy products, which can attract pests. Composter Soil Saver Classic. You can keep a small hoe or garden trowel next to the compost bin. This assembling which starts with the lids, the lock and the sides, can be done easily by following the manufacturer’s manual that comes with the unit. This is a traditional compost bin that can handle a huge quantity of kitchen waste, leaves, trimmings, and other compostable materials with ease, and since it lacks a bottom and sits directly on the soil, any leachate drains out into the ground. 17 total votes. Exaco Trading 628001 Eco Master 450 120 Gallon Outdoor Garden Compost Soil Bin. The Redmon Green Culture compost aerator tool (The Wingdigger) is one of the perfect tools to get started. Closed-top bins include turning units, stacking bins, and bins with lip tops. This is easily measured by the type of material you’re using. Intermediate compost method - Build pile with no further additions, chop materials to 2 inch pieces, turn and water pile weekly, finished compost in 3 to 8 months. The most popular are the Soil Saver and the Compost Tumbler. It's a big one, holding some 94 gallons of compost while weighing only 28 pounds when empty. Start with a layer of organic materials, add a dash of soil and a splash of water (from a Better Homes & Garden Green River Water Hose, $40, Walmart ), and wait for your concoction to turn into humus (the best soil booster around!). Lightly water the layer. When you use our composters, you can save up to 30% of household waste!The two bins we have are the Earth Machine (which doesn’t seem to be available at the moment but is similar to this composter). 13) to ramp up oxygen flow through the contents of the receptacle, as seen in Figure 18 a. Learn about ways you can compost here in NYC! Food scraps make up 30% of our trash in New York City. It's a big one, holding some 94 gallons of compost while weighing only 28 pounds when empty. Product 1: Produce rich organic dark compost humus in 6 to 8 weeks from food scraps, kitchen and garden waste ; Product 1: Save up to 30% of household waste while saving money on applicable curbside pickup costs; Made from BPA free 100% recycled environmentally-friendly materialYou can get the 65-gallon capacity compost bin on Amazon. By considering these factors, you can find a compost bin that suits your space, composting goals, and lifestyle. (but not pests). FCMP Outdoor IM4000 Tumbling. Sliding doors at the base (does not have a bottom) allows removal of the finished compost. Constructed with a simple, open-bottom design, the Algreen SoilSaver Classic Composter is an easy way for the compost and ground soil to meet. Soil Saver®. g. This compost bin has a capacity of 12. (Yes, worms!) You can do both at home. If you have a small bin that isn’t affixed to anything and has a lid, the easiest way to turn your compost may be just to roll it. Two sliding doors allow easy and simple removal of compost. 79. Doesn't roll away like a shredder with four wheels might. Dimensions: 28”W x 28”D x 32”H. Enjoy Free Shipping on most stuff, even big stuff. Lightly water this layer. you’ll be better served by a more compact compost bin. Using an amendment while breaking up the soil adds air pockets and nutrients. The SoilSaver Classic composter, made by Covered Bridge Organic Inc. Best basic compost bin Algreen Products Soil Saver Classic Composter. Turn it into potting mix. It produces Nutrient Rich organic Soil for Healthier Plants and Gardens. Algreen Products Soil Saver Classic Composter – Recycled Plastics. 5 cubic feet, making it slightly larger than other composters in the same price bracket. The center of your pile or bin should feel warm; you want to maintain an internal temperature of. Learn how to compost like a pro with the NYC Master Composter Manual, a comprehensive guide to the science and practice of composting in the city. 4. User-friendly instruction booklet Easy to assemble and maintain Soil Saver is packaged in one box for easy transporting, shipping, and storage. Pros: - Simple, sleek, lightweight, compact design (7 x 7 x 7 inches and just 1. Mix a 3⁄8 to 3⁄4 inch (0. Photo: Jenn Ryan for Bob Vila. Get composting. 00. Made of galvanized steel and high-quality PP plastic, Our Tumbling Composter is corrosion-resistant, weather-resistant, sturdy, and durable for long-lasting service life.